P 5.1    Geometrical optics

P 5.1.1     Reflection and diffraction

P5.1.2      Laws of imaging

P5.1.3      Image distortion

P5.1.4      Optical instruments

P 5.2    Dispersion and chromatics

P 5.2.1     Refractive index and dispersion

P5.2.2      Decomposition of white light

P 5.2.3     Color mixing

P5.2.4      Absorption spectra

P 5.3    Wave optics

P 5.3.1       Diffraction

P5.3.2      Two-beam interference

P5.3.3      Newton's rings

P5.3.4      Michelson interferometer

P5.3.5      Mach-Zehnder interferometer

P5.3.6      White-light reflection holography

P5.3.7      Transmission holography

P 5.4    Polarization

P 5.4.1       Basic experiments

P 5.4.2     Birefringence

P5.4.3      Optical activity, polarimetry

P 5.4.4     Kerr effect

P 5.4.5     Pockels effect

P 5.4.6     Faraday effect

P 5.5    Light intensity

P 5.5.1    Quantities and measuring methods of lighting engineering

P 5.5.2    Laws of radiation

P 5.6    Velocity of light

P 5.6.1    Measurement according to Foucault and Michelson

P 5.6.2    Measuring with short light pulses

P 5.6.3    Measuring with an electronically modulated signal

P 5.7    Spectrometer

P 5.7.1       Prism spectrometer

P 5.7.2      Grating spectrometer