P4 Electronics

P 4.1    Components and basic circuits

P 4.1.1       Current and voltage sources                             

P4.1.2      Special resistors

P4.1.3      Diodes

P4.1.4      Diode circuits

P4.1.5      Transistors

P4.1.6      Transistor circuits

P4.1.7      Optoelectronics

P 4.2    Operational amplifier

P 4.2.1     Internal design of an operational amplifier

P4.2.2     Operational amplifier circuits

P 4.3    Open- and closed-loop control

P 4.3.1       Open-loop control

P 4.3.2     Closed-loop control

P 4.4    Digital technology

P 4.4.1        Basic logical operations

P 4.4.2     Switching networks and units

P 4.4.3     Serial and parallel arithmetic units

P 4.4.4     Digital control systems

P 4.4.5     Structure of a central processing unit (CPU)

 P 4.4.6    Microprocessor